BIOLOGY EXAM YEAR 6

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Duration – 1 hour and 30 minutes

Each correct answer is worth 1 mark out of a total of 100, unless stated otherwise.

 SECTION 1 - BONES and the SKELETON (20 marks)

1. Label the bones of the skeleton, using anatomical names if possible. (6 marks)

2. How many bones are there in the human body?
       
_________________

3. Which structure contains more bones? Circle the correct answer.  

4. Name 4 types of joints, with examples. (2 marks)

         1 _____________________________________
         Example ____________________________________
        
         2 _____________________________________
         Example ____________________________________

         3 _____________________________________
         Example ____________________________________

5. Which structures help bones to move?

________________________________

6. List 2 structures in the skeleton, which protect internal organs.

         a) _____________________________________________________________  

7. Name the mineral, contained within food such as sardines, broccoli and cheese, which is essential for strong, healthy bones.____________________________________

8. Describe the healing process a long bone undergoes after a clean break.

Include diagrams and approximate passage of time. (6 marks) 

                                                                                                                          
9. What is the difference between osteoblasts and osteoclasts?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10. Place the following 3 main components of bones with their correct percentage. 

         Minerals   Water    Living tissue (blood vessels and bone cells)

20% ________________________________________________________

30% ________________________________________________________

45% ________________________________________________________

5% other compounds        

SECTION 2 - DIGESTION & NUTRITION (20 marks)

1. When we eat food it travels through 6 main, different parts of the body. (2 marks)

Place the following in the correct order, from the start to the end of the food’s journey.

stomach - small intestine  - anus  - mouth - large intestine  - oesophagus
                                                                                                                                  
                                 
         1 __________________________________                                          
                                                                                             
         2 __________________________________    
                                                                                               
         3 __________________________________    
                                                                                               
         4 __________________________________
                                                                                               
         5 __________________________________

                                                                                                
         6 __________________________________

2. What does the Epiglottis do? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3.

a) What is the purpose of the stomach?

_____________________________________________________________________

b) Which chemical does it produce to help with this process?
        
_____________________________________________________________________  

4.a) Explain the main function of a villi and why it is shaped like it is.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

5. When the food has been digested enough for it to be absorbed into the blood stream, which organ is it taken to, before travelling to the heart to be pumped around the body to feed body cells?  

6.a) Is the function of the large intestine about absorbing water or excreting it?  

b) What is anther name for the large intestine?

___________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

7. What can be produced as the result of bacteria fermenting from undigested, food remains in the rectum?

_______________________________________________________

8. Your body is made up of approximately what percentage of water?    

Please circle the correct answer.

9. Why is salt both good and bad for the body? (2 marks)

 Salt is good for the body because _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

 Salt is bad for the body because _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

10. Can you describe a nutritionally balanced meal?

Include examples of a protein, some carbohydrate, vitamins and minerals. (2 marks)

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

 12. a) What kind of harm does bad fat do to the body?

          _______________________________________________________________

           _______________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

 13. Does beetroot support kidney, spleen or liver functions, and what colour does it turn your urine?

_____________________________________________________________________

SECTION 3 - CELLS and REPRODUCTION (20 marks)

1. Draw and label a set of the following. (6 marks)
        
a)      Squamous cell epithelium

b)      Ciliated epithelium

c)      A neuron

_____________________________________________________________________

3. Each cell has a nucleus except for the 

 _______________________________________________

which loses it just before it is released into the bloodstream.

_____________________________________________________________________

5. Cells: (3 marks)

a) What is the definition of a cell?__________________________________________________________________

b) What cells do individually? _____________________________________________________________________

c) What do they form when grouped together?_________________________________________________________

6. a) What are the names of the sex cells in mammals?

_____________________________________________________________________

b) What stages do their young grow through from fertilization to independence?

1. ___________________________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________________________________

3. ___________________________________________________________________

4. ___________________________________________________________________  

7. Can you describe the visual differences between the males and females of :-

Deer _____________________________________________________________________

Birds _____________________________________________________________________

 (2 marks)

8.  Can you spell the name of the cord that takes nutrients and transports waste to and from the baby to the mother?

9. Approximately how many weeks does it take for a human baby to grow from a single cell into a fully-grown baby ready to be born? Circle the correct answer.

10. What would happen if a species could not reproduce?

_____________________________________________________________________

SECTION 4 - BREATHING and CIRCULATION (20 marks)

1. The other name for Breathing is

     R  __   __   __   __   __   __   __   __   __   __  

2. Draw and label a diagram of the pathway of breathe into the body to the lungs. (4 marks)

3. Describe what lung capacity is and what it can show us._____________________________________________________________________

4. Can you describe the way we use our breath to talk?_____________________________________________________________________

5. a) Which gas do our bodies need mainly and which one do they get rid of?

_____________________________________________________________________

b) Where do these gases exchange places?

____________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

6. a) What is the diaphragm? _____________________________________________________________________

 b) Describe its main function and the other one it does as a kind of by-product of its main function.

_____________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

7. Name the tubular structures involved in circulating the blood around the body.
(2 marks)

8. Draw a diagram of the heart, showing the flow of blood through one side, to the lungs, and back through the other side. Include as many labels as you can, star points will be awarded here too, particularly for correctly labelled blood vessels. (4 marks)

_____________________________________________________________________

10. What is the Pericardium?

11. How long does it take for blood to circulate around your body?

Circle the correct answer.

SECTION 5 - THE SKIN, HAIR and NAILS (20 marks)

1. Label this cross section of the skin, to include the following –

hair     hair follicle     muscle     dermis     epidermis     fat layer      sweat gland      pore     oil-gland     artery     vein     nerve

(5 marks)

                                      

2. What can the colour of their skin tell us about different people? (2 marks) 

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

3. List 4 main functions of the skin. (2 marks)

1. ________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________________________

4. a) What K word is a protein contained within the skin that helps the outer layers be hard wearing?

b) Where on your body are the thickest layers of skin? (2 marks)

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

5. How can we help skin mend after a deep cut? (2 marks)

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

6. (3 marks)

a) If nails are a modified form of skin, what is their use to us?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

b) Draw a simple diagram of a nail and show, which part is alive and which part is dead.

7. Why are fingerprints useful in crime investigations?_____________________________________________________________________

8. What is the commonest hair colour in the world?_____________________________________________________________________

9. Each hair follicle can grow up to 12cm of hair in one year, what happens when that hair falls out?

Tick the correct answer.

a) A new hair begins to grow immediately?

b) A completely different coloured hair begins to grow?

c) The follicle rests for 3-4 months?

10. Discuss the usefulness of hair on our bodies compared to the usefulness of fur on animals.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

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